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发表于 2018-8-29 23:16:23
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我上面发了啊，而且这个链接也不需要科学上网
SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.
from HSDB
Controlled incineration in a rotary kiln incinerator equipped with particulate abatement and wet scrubber devices. Recommendable method: Incineration. Not recommendable method: Landfill. Peer review: Extreme care. Picric acid is a very shock sensitive high explosive when dry. Do not allow it to remain in contact with metals. Deliberately exploding picric acid using a detonator and booster explosive is an effective disposal method. Never treat a large amount at one time. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))
United Nations. Treatment and Disposal Methods for Waste Chemicals (IRPTC File). Data Profile Series No. 5. Geneva, Switzerland: United Nations Environmental Programme, Dec. 1985., p. 260
from HSDB
Small quantities. This method has been used to decompose batches up to 8.5 g of picric acid at a time. Wear nitrile rubber gloves, laboratory coat, and eye protection. Work in the fume hood behind a shatter-proof screen. Place the picric acid (1 g) in a three-necked, round-bottomed flask fitted with a dropping funnel and condenser. Rinse any traces of acid on glassware or equipment into the flask using about 10mL of water. Add 4 g of tin and stir the mixture magnetically. Place 15 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid in the dropping funnel and, while cooling the flask in an ice-water bath and while stirring, add the hydrochloric acid dropwise. The first few mL of hydrochloric acid should be added slowly because the initial reaction is vigorous; the rate of addition may be increased as the reaction moderates. When all of the hydrochloric acid has been added, allow the mixture to warm to room temperature, and then heat under reflux for 1 hr to complete the reduction. Filter unreacted tin and wash the precipitate with about 10 mL of 2 M hydrochloric acid (prepared by cautiously adding 1.6 mL of concentrated acid to 8.4 mL of cold water; the tin can be recycled). Neutralize the filtrate with 10% sodium hydroxide solution and refliter. The tin chloride precipitate can be treated as normal refuse. The solution that contains 2,4,6-triaminophenol and which oxidizes rapidly to a black solution can be packaged, labeled, and sent for incineration, or it can be treated as follows. Slowly and cautiously add to the solution 150 mL of 3 M sulfuric acid containing 12 g of potassium permanganate. Stir the mixture at room temperature for 24 hr and then add solid sodium bisulfite until a clear solution is obtained. Neutralize with 10% sodium hydroxide solution and wash the liquid into the drain. CAUTION: Under no circumstances should dry picric acid be touched or moved. Do not handle. Contact disposal authorities. The only safe method of decomposing dry picric acid is by controlled detonation.
M.A. Armour; Hazardous Laboratory Chemicals Disposal Guide 3RD Edition. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL 2003, p. 408
from HSDB
Dilute aqueous solutions. Acidify a dilute solution of picric acid (100 mL of 0.4%) to pH 2 by the addition of 2 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid. Add granular tin (30 mesh, 1 g) and allow the mixture to stand at room temperature. The solution will darken gradually as the picric acid is reduced. After 14 days, no picric acid remains. This method can be used to dispose of 45 gallon drums of dilute solutions of picric acid. To determine when the picric acid is completely reacted, samples of the solution are analyzed by thin-layer chromatography on silica gel, eluting with methanol:toluene:glacial acetic acid, 8:45:4. Picric acid has an Rf value of about 0.3, and the bright yellow spot is easily visible. The detection limit can be increased by developing the plate in iodine vapor.
M.A. Armour; Hazardous Laboratory Chemicals Disposal Guide 3RD Edition. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL 2003, p. 408
from HSDB |
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